Behaviour of flange joints in Steam Generator under thermal loads

Pressure vessels such as steam generators are subjected to high temperature, in addition pressure during the operating condition. Flanges and bolts made up of different materials whose coefficient thermal expansion varies. Usually, is greater than that flanges. At elevated temperatures expand more flanges, resulting decrease compression connected members achieved assembly stage, which turn decreases contact stress gasket. This can lead leakage internal fluid. The loss gasket due differential be nullified by using sleeves higher between flange-nut flange-bolt head interfaces. pushing flanges closer towards each other, thus decreasing gap created expansion. behaviour gasketed blind flange joint with without analysed performances compared under loads. non-linear gaskets included specifying loading unloading characteristics hysteresis.